Kana uchishandisa Mac zuva nezuva, zvingangoita kuti Muchengeti wegedhi ndeimwe yenzira dzekuchengetedza dzisingaonekwe Dzinoshanda kumashure usingatombozvizivi. Dziripo pese paunodhawunirodha app, pese paunodzvanya kaviri pane installer, uye kazhinji, dzine basa rekukudzivirira kuisa chimwe chinhu chausingafanire kuisa.
Kunyangwe maMac ane mukurumbira wekuchengetedza kupfuura mamwe makomputa, Izvi hazvirevi kuti hadzina mavhairasi, malware, kana mapurogiramu ane njodzi.Ndosaka chaizvo Apple yapedza makore ichisimbisa dziviriro mu macOS.Uye Gatekeeper chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha. Kunzwisisa zvainoita, mashandiro azvo, uye maitiro ekuzviita zvakachengeteka kunokubatsira kuchengetedza chiyero pakati pekuchengetedzwa uye nyore.
Chii chinonzi Gatekeeper mu macOS uye chinoshandiswa chii?
Gatekeeper tekinoroji yekuchengetedza yakavakirwa mu macOS inoshanda se sefa inosarudza kuti ndeapi software inogona kushanda paMac yako uye kuti ndeipi software inovharwa nekuti haivimbike. Yagara iripo kubvira pakatanga OS X Mountain Lion (2012) uye, nekufamba kwenguva, Apple yanga ichivandudza uye ichisimbisa mambure ekudzivirira malware.
Basa rayo guru ndere zvinokudzivirira kuti usashandise maapplication anogona kuva nengozi akatorwa kubva paInternetKuongorora kuti ndiani akazvigadzira, kana zvakaongororwa neApple, uye kana zvakagadziriswa kubva pakaburitswa nemugadziri wazvo. Zvese izvi zvinoitika panguva yaunoedza kuvhura app, module, kana installation package kekutanga.
Paunodhawunirodha software kubva kunze kweApp Store, Gatekeeper anosimbisa kuti mugadziri wacho akaonekwa aine Apple Developer ID uye app yacho yakasainwa nemazvoPamusoro pezvo, mushanduro dzemazuva ano dzemacOS (dzakadai seCatalina uye dzakazotevera), inoongororawo kana app yacho yakapinda mumaitiro eApple ekusimbisa magwaro, ayo anosanganisira ongororo yekutanga yemalware anozivikanwa.
Kuti vawedzere kuchengetedzeka, Gatekeeper zvakare Ichakumbira kusimbiswa kwako pachena kekutanga paunovhura software yakadhawunirodhwa.Pfungwa yacho ndeyekudzivirira kuti vasashandise kodhi inogadziriswa yakavanzika sefaira redata, senge PDF yenhema kana gwaro renhema iro riri app ine njodzi.
Mashandiro anoita Gatekeeper mukati
Kuseri kwemashoko ekunyevera aunoona pachiratidziro kune nhevedzano yemashoko aya nzira dzehunyanzvi dzinoshandiswa neMacOS kusarudza kana app yakavimbika Kana kuti kwete. Zvese zvinotanga paunongotora chimwe chinhu kubva pa internet.
Kana faira racho rasvika paMac yako kuburikidza newebhu browser, email client, kana imwe application inoenderana, macOS inowedzera a hunhu hwakakosha hwekuvanzikaHunhu ihwohwo hunoratidza kuti faira iri "rakatorwa kubva paInternet" uye ndizvo zvinoita kuti Gatekeeper atange kushanda kana uchiedza kurivhura kekutanga.
Paunenge uchiedza kuvhura app yakavharirwa, Gatekeeper anoongorora zvinhu zvakati wandei: kwakabva faira, siginecha yekodhi, chitupa chemugadziri, uye mamiriro echitupa chakanyoreswaKana chimwe chinhu chisingakodzeri kana kuti chisingagone kusimbiswa, macOS inoratidza yambiro yekuchengetedza kana kuti inovhara zvakananga kuitwa.
Kusaina kodhi kunotibvumira kuvimbisa kuti Zvauri kuvhura ndizvo chaizvo zvakatumirwa nemugadziri uye hazvina kukanganiswa nazvo. nevechitatu. Kana zviri mukati zvakachinjwa, siginecha yacho haichashandi uye Gatekeeper anogona kukuyambira kuti app "inogona kunge yakakuvara kana kuti yakakanganiswa."
Kune rumwe rutivi, kusimbiswa kwezvibvumirano inzira inoshandiswa nemugadziri wezvirongwa Apple inotumira app yayo kuti iongororwe kana paine malware uye mamwe maitiro akaipa anozivikanwa. Kana ikapasa bvunzo, Apple inoburitsa "chisimbiso" icho Gatekeeper inogona kusimbisa panguva yekumhanya, kungave munharaunda kana kuburikidza nekubatanidza nemaseva eApple.
Kana macOS ikaona chimwe chinhu chine njodzi, inogona kuratidza meseji inotyisa "Zita reapp iyi richakuvadza komputa yako.", kuvharira zvachose app, kuiendesa kumarara uye, mune dzimwe nguva, kukumbira mvumo yekutumira kopi isina kuzivikanwa ye malware kuApple kuti ivandudze kuwanikwa kwesoftware mune ramangwana.
Hukama huripo pakati peGatekeeper, App Store nevagadziri vemapurogiramu vanozivikanwa
Mu macOS ecosystem, Haasi mapurogiramu ese anobatwa zvakafanana kubva pakuona kwekuchengetedza.Apple inonyanya kusiyanisa manyuko matatu makuru emapurogiramu, uye Gatekeeper anoita zvakasiyana neumwe neumwe wavo.
Nzvimbo inonyanya kudzorwa, zvine musoro, ndiyo ye Mac App StoreMapurogiramu ese akaburitswa ipapo akaongororwa nemaoko uye otomatiki neApple, anogoverwa nedhijitari, uye kana paine dambudziko rakakura, Apple inogona kuabvisa muchitoro uye kudzima chitupa chawo. Sekureva kwaGatekeeper, maapplication aya ndiwo akavimbika zvikuru.
Chechipiri ndiwo maapplication e vagadziri vanozivikanwa Vagadziri ava vanoparadzira software yavo vega, kungave kuburikidza newebhusaiti yavo yepamutemo kana dzimwe nzira. Vane Apple ID uye vanosaina maapplication avo nechitupa chepamutemo. Gatekeeper anosimbisa siginecha iyi uye, mu macOS Catalina uye gare gare, anotarisawo kana yakasimbiswa.
Pakupedzisira, takawana software ye vagadziri vasina kuzivikanwa kana kuti vasina kusainaMapurogiramu aya haana waranti yeApple. Muzvirongwa zvayo zvekuchengetedza, Gatekeeper haakubvumidze kuavhura zvakananga, zvichikumanikidza kuti utore mamwe matanho ekuashandisa, izvo zvinowedzera njodzi yako.
macOS inokupa mukana wekugadzirisa zvaunoda kubvumira kuburikidza nesarudzo dzekuchengetedza. MuSystem Settings > Kuvanzika uye kuchengeteka Unogona kusarudza pakati pekubvumidza mapurogiramu kubva kuApp Store chete kana kubvumidza mapurogiramu kubva kuApp Store nevagadziri vanozivikanwa. Dzimwe sarudzo dzinobvumira, dzakadai sekugamuchira chero app kubva kune chero kupi kana kudzima Gatekeeper zvachose, dzinowanzo shandiswa chete mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo kana nematurusi epamusoro.
Kugadziriswa kwekutanga kweGatekeeper pa macOS
Ruzhinji rwevashandisi havafanirwe kubata chero chinhu nekuti macOS inouya nehurongwa hwakarongeka. pakati pekuchengetedzeka uye kuchinjika. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, zvakakosha kuziva kuti Gatekeeper anokodzera papi uye kuti sarudzo dzakasiyana siyana dzinosanganisira chii.
Mune shanduro dziripo dzemacOS, macontrol ari mu Zvirongwa zveSystem > Zvakavanzika uye kuchengetedzeka. Muchikamu ichocho, kana ukatsikisa pasi zvishoma, uchaona chivharo che "Chengetedzo" chine chikamu chekuti "Bvumira maapplication akatorwa kubva".
Ikoko unogona kusarudza pakati sarudzo mbiri"App Store," iyo inongobvumira maapplication kudhawunirodha kubva kuchitoro chepamutemo cheApple, uye "App Store neVagadziri Vanozivikanwa," iyo inobvumirawo software kubva kuvagadziri vane certification yeApple kudhawunirodha kunze kwechitoro. Iyi yekupedzisira inowanzova sarudzo inoshanda kune vazhinji vashandisi.
Kana Mac yako yakagadzirira kungobvumira maapplication kubva kuApp Store chete, chero kuedza kuvhura software yakatorwa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuchakundikana. Ichazvivharira yega uye uchaona meseji ichikuzivisa. kuti app iyi haigone kushandiswa nekuti haibvi muchitoro chepamutemo.
Kana Gatekeeper ikavhara app yaunoziva kuti yakavimbika (semuenzaniso, chishandiso chehunyanzvi chakatorwa kubva pawebhusaiti yemugadziri), unogona kuibvumidza zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Mushure mekuedza kuivhura uye kugamuchira yambiro, enda kuPrivacy and Security, uye pazasi pechidzitiro, uchawana bhatani. "Vhura semazuva ese" yeapp iyoyo chaiyo.
Kudzvanya "Vhura chero zvakadaro" kucharatidza yambiro zvakare, uye kana ukasimbisa nebhatani rekuti "Vhura", App iyoyo ichachengetwa sechinhu chisingawanzoitiki. kuzvirongwa zvako zvekuchengetedza. Kubva ipapo, unogona kuivhura semamwe mapurogiramu akabvumidzwa, pasina Gatekeeper kubvunza zvakare.
Muchengeti wegedhi uye dziviriro yenguva yekumhanya
Gatekeeper haisiriyo yega nzira yekuchengetedza macOS. Kana cheki yekutanga yekuvimbana yapasiswa, chinhu chinonzi neApple "Security Protection" chinobva chatanga kushanda. dziviriro yenguva yekumhanya, iyo ine basa rekudzivirira kunyange maapplication ane mvumo kuti asaite chero chaanoda mukati mesystem.
Kune rumwe rutivi, macOS inotsigira Mafaira esystem, zviwanikwa zvakakosha, uye kernel zvakachengetedzwa kubva panzvimbo yeapp yemushandisi.Izvi zvinoreva kuti maapplication haagone kuchinja zvikamu zvinonzwa zvesystem yekushandisa, zvichideredza simba rekushandiswa kwesoftware.
Uyezve, mapurogiramu ese akatorwa kubva kuApp Store anoshanda pa sandbox kana nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa. Iyi nzira inoganhurira mafaira, maforodha, hardware, uye data zvinogona kuwanikwa, uye inoda kuti chero kutaurirana nezviri kubva kune mamwe maapplication kuitwe kuburikidza nemaAPI nemasevhisi anodzorwa ne macOS.
Nenzira iyi, kunyangwe kana app yakadhawunirodhwa kubva kune webhusaiti yakavimbika, Hauzokwanisi kuwana data kubva kune mamwe mapurogiramu pasina mvumo. kana nzvimbo dzinonetsa dzehurongwa, izvo zvinowedzera chimwe chipingamupinyi pamaitiro akaipa kana zvikanganiso zvakakomba zvepurogiramu.
Muchengeti wegedhi anobatsirawo kumisa vhekitari yekurwisa chaiyo: kurodha mamodule ane njodzi kana ma add-ons akaunganidzwa neapp inoita seisina mhosvaMune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, macOS inogona kumhanyisa iyo app kubva kunzvimbo dzisingaverengeki dzekuverenga chete, kudzivirira ma module ekunze anouya akavanzwa mupakeji imwechete kuti asazorodzwa otomatiki.
Mashoko akajairika ekunyevera eMuchengeti weGate
Kana uchigara uchishandisa Mac yako kuisa maapplication matsva, pamwe watosangana nazvo mameseji ekuyambira akasiyana-siyana kubva kuna Gatekeeper uye systemKunzwisisa zvinoreva chimwe nechimwe kunobatsira pakuita sarudzo dziri nani pamusoro pezvekuita mune chimwe nechimwe chiitiko.
Paunotanga kuvhura app kubva kumugadziri anozivikanwa akadhawunirodha kunze kweApp Store, macOS ichakubvunza kana uchida kuivhura zvechokwadi.Kazhinji inoratidza kuti yakatorwa kubva pawebsite ipi uye riini, saka unogona kuona kana yaive chinhu chawaitarisira kurodha.
Kana Apple isingakwanise kutarisa kana app ine software yakaipa, kungave nekuda kwekuti mugadziri Hazvigone kusimbiswa nekuti app haina kunyoreswa semunyoreri.Uchaona meseji inoratidza kuti macOS haigone kusimbisa kuti app haina malware. Kana zvikave zvakaoma, izvi zvichaita kuti app ivharwe.
Kana marongero ako ekuchengetedza akaiswa ku "App Store chete", macOS haizovhure chero maapplication akatorwa kubva kune mamwe mawebhusaitiUchaona yambiro inoratidza kuti iyi app haisi yeApp Store uye haibvumidzwe zvichienderana nemarongero ako.
Kana sisitimu ikaona kuti software yacho ine zvinhu zvakaipa kana kuti mvumo yayo yakabviswa, macOS inogona kuratidza yambiro yekuti app ichakuvadza komputa yakoMumamiriro ezvinhu akadai, sisitimu inowanzo dzivisa app kushanda, yoiendesa kumarara, uye inokurudzira kuti isashandise zvakare.
Zvinogonekawo kuti macOS ingangoona kuti app yakanganiswa kana kuti yagadziriswa. Kana zvakadaro, uchaona meseji yakaita seiyi: "App iyi haigone kuvhurwa nekuti inogona kunge yakakuvara kana kuti yakakanganiswa."Izvi zvinowanzoratidza dambudziko nekusimba kweapp kana siginecha yayo yekodhi.
Zvisingazivikanwe uye kushaya simba kweGatekeeper
Pasinei nekuchengetedzwa kwose uku, Gatekeeper haarevi kuti haakanganisi. Kwave nezviitiko chaizvo apo matsotsi epaindaneti akakwanisa kunzvenga dziviriro idzi. uye kupinza malware mumasisitimu e macOS uchishandisa zvikanganiso kana kusasimba kwekugadzira. Semuenzaniso, yambiro dzakapihwa zviziviso zvekuchengetedzwa kweMacOS izvo zvinoratidza kudiwa kwekugadzirisa nekukurumidza.
Muenzaniso unozivikanwa waive malware akashandisa mukana wekuti Gatekeeper asakwanise kushandisa. kuvimba uko macOS inoisa mumadhisiki ekunze uye madhiraivha enetwork akagovaniswaMune mamwe mavhezheni, nzvimbo idzi dzaionekwa se "nzvimbo dzakachengeteka," kuitira kuti software yakachengetwa ipapo ishande isina kuongororwa kwakafanana nemafaira akanyorwa seakatorwa kubva paInternet.
Muongorori wezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu Filippo Cavallarin akaratidza kuti zvaikwanisika kunyengedza system kuti ishandise kodhi yakaipa kuburikidza nenzira iyi, zvichivhura mukana wekuti varwisi vane ruzivo vashandise kuzvivimba kwavo zvakanyanya.
Kushandiswa kweiyi nedzimwe nzira nemakambani eadware kwakanyorwawo, sezvakaitika ku OSX/Mutengi weSurfMuchiitiko ichocho, varwisi vakaviga mifananidzo yemadhisiki ane utachiona sevaya vaifungidzirwa kuti ndivo vanoisa Adobe Flash Player, nzira yekare yekunyengera vashandisi vasina hanya kuti vashandise iyo installer ine njodzi.
Aka kakanga kasiri kekutanga Gatekeeper achibatanidzwa muzviitiko zverudzi urwu. Muna Kukadzi 2018, mumwe Nyaya yakafanana yakaitika neOSX/Shlayer malware.izvo zvakashandisawo kusasimba munzira iyo macOS yaibata nayo ongororo yesoftware. Kugadzirisa matambudziko akaita seWebKit uye zvimwe zvinhu zvitsva zvinotsvaga kudzivirira mavectors aya ekurwiswa, asi hazviwanzoitika ipapo ipapo.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti Gatekeeper inonyanya kutarisisa nguva yekutanga yekuiswa uye yekutanga kushanda kweappHaisi antivirus yechinyakare inotarisa maitiro ese ehurongwa uye zviitiko panguva chaiyo kana software yatoiswa uye yatove kushanda.
Maitiro ekuwedzera Gatekeeper kuti pave nekuchengetedzwa kwakasimba
Nekuda kwezvirambidzo zvataurwa pamusoro apa, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinokurudzira sanganisa Gatekeeper nedzimwe mhinduro dzekuchengetedzakunyanya munzvimbo dziri pachena kana kuti panoshandiswa ruzivo rwakakosha.
Imwe yenzira dzakajairika ndeyekushandisa macOS-specific anti-malware tools izvo zvinopa ongororo yenguva chaiyo, kuona zvinhu zvichibva pane zvinofungirwa, uye dziviriro kubva kunjodzi dzinogona kushandisa zvikanganiso mushure mekuiswa.
Mhinduro idzi dzekunze dzinogona kubatsira kuona malware yakavanzwa mumapakeji anoita seari pamutemo izvo, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, zvinokundikana kukonzera nyevero dzeGatekeeper nekuti zvinokwanisa kunzvenga kudzora kwaro kwekutanga kana kushandisa zvitupa zvakabiwa nezvikamu zvakasainwa.
Zvakakoshawo kuti usakanganwa matanho ekutanga akadai se Chengeta macOS ichivandudzwa nguva dzoseIsa ma patches ekuchengetedza nekukurumidza uye ongorora maapplication ako akaiswa, uchibvisa ausisiri kushandisa kana asingabvi munzvimbo dzakajeka uye dzakavimbika. Kune vashandisi vazhinji, Chengetedza macOS yakagadziridzwa inoita mutsauko.
Kune vashandisi vepamusoro, zvinokwanisika Gadzira Gatekeeper uchishandisa maturusi ekutonga kweMDM uye mitemo (Mobile Device Management) munzvimbo dzemakambani, zvichitsanangura kuti ndeapi marudzi esoftware anogona kuiswa, kubva kupi, uye pasi pemamiriro api ezvinhu, nokudaro zvichideredza nzvimbo yekurwiswa. Apple yakatoitawo kuti nhungamiro dzekuchengetedza dzakagadziridzwa uye magwaro evatariri.
Kudzora granular mumakambani nemasangano
Mubhizinesi, Gatekeeper inova imwe nzira yakakura yekuchengetedza. Masangano anogona kushandisa mhinduro dzeMDM kusimbisa mitemo yakatarwa izvo zvinongogumira kuiswa kwesoftware chete kumapurogiramu anobva kuApp Store kana mumapakeji emukati akasainwa nezvitupa zvavo.
Nenzira iyi, vashandi vanogona kudzivirirwa kuisa maapplication kubva kunzvimbo dzisingazivikanwe, kunyangwe vakaedza kunzvenga zvirambidzo zveGatekeeper kubva pa graphical interface. Mitemo yeMDM inogona kudzivirira kukanganiswa kweGatekeeper. uye kurambidza kushandiswa kwemamwe masaini ekusaina.
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzine mitemo yakasimba, zvakajairika kuti makambani asarudze kubvumidza maapplication emukati neakavimbika chete. nezvitupa zvinotungamirirwa nepakati penyikaGatekeeper, pamwe chete nedzimwe tekinoroji dzemacOS dzakadai sesandboxing, kuchengetedzwa kwehutongi hwehurongwa, uye kudzora zvakavanzika, zvinobatsira kuchengetedza nzvimbo yakavharirwa software isina mvumo sezvinobvira.
Kunyangwe Apple isina kuratidza zviratidzo zvekuda kushandura macOS kuita sisitimu yakavharwa se iOS, Muchokwadi, kune katsika kekudzora zvinhu zvakanyanya kuoma., kukurudzira kugoverwa kwezviziviso kuburikidza neApp Store uye kukurudzira vagadziri kuti vanyorese magwaro avo nekusaina zviziviso.
Kune vashandisi vepamba nevashandi vakazvimiririra, zvese izvi zvinoshanduka kuva Zvikamu zvakawanda zvekuchengetedza pasina kurasikirwa nekuchinjika kwakawandachero bedzi uine kunzwisisa kwekutanga kwezviri kuitwa neGatekeeper uye kuita sarudzo dzakakodzera paunenge uchiisa maapplication matsva.
Kana tichitarisa zvese, zviri pachena kuti Gatekeeper anoshanda se "muchengeti wepagedhi" wedhijitari uyo Tarisa kuti ndiani anopinda muMac yako uye mumamiriro api ezvinhuIchitsigirwa nesystem yekusimbisa ine notarized, kusaina kodhi, sandbox yeApp Store, uye dziviriro dzakasiyana-siyana dzenguva yekumhanya, haina kukwana uye haitsivi njere kana zvimwe zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza, asi inoita mutsauko mukuru kana tichienzanisa nesystem isina izvi zvinodzora. Kuigadzirisa nekuchenjera ndeimwe yenzira dziri nyore uye dzinoshanda dzekuchengetedza Mac yako zuva nezuva.