Kana komputa yako ikaramba kuvhura uye iwe unongoona dema chidzitiro, chiratidzo chisinganzwisisike, kana kutonhora, zvinonzwa zvisingafadzi, asi pane nzira. Iyo Mac isinga bhutsu kazhinji ine chikonzero chinozivikanwa. (simba, software, disk, firmware, kana peripherals) uye, nematanho akakodzera, zvinokwanisika kuidzosera pasina kubhadhara. Mac yako haizobhoti: zvikonzero, mhinduro, uye zvekuita.
Usati wabvisa chero chinhu kana kuita musangano, ipfungwa yakanaka kuti uite chidimbu nechidimbu. Isu tinokurudzira kushanya kwakarongwa nezviratidzo, zvikonzero uye mhinduro chaidzo. yeIntel-based uye Apple Silicon Macs, kusanganisira zvinorehwa nemifananidzo yekutanga, mashandisiro eKudzoreredza Mode, Chengetedza Boot, kana zvine musoro kudzosera macOS, uye kana iri zano rakanaka kutsvaga rutsigiro.
Zviratidzo pakutanga uye zvazvinoreva
Masikirwo ekutanga uye zvidhori zvinopa zvakawanda zvinongedzo. Kana iwe ukaona isina chinhu / dema sikirini, yebhuruu, folda ine chiratidzo chemubvunzo kana chiratidzo chekurambidza, imwe neimwe ichinongedza kune kwakasiyana sosi (firmware, boot disk, isingaenderane software, kana kusashanda kuvaka) uye inoda zviito chaizvo.
PaMacs neIntel, a Sikirini dema, Apple logo ine kana isina giya, kana chiratidzo chinopenya chemubvunzo Izvi zvinowanzoenderana nekumirirwa firmware updates, unlocated system software, kana matambudziko neakasarudzwa boot disk.
La bhuruu skrini ine akawanda-mavara vhiri pakutanga Iyo inowanzo ratidza zvinhu zvekutanga kana zvisingaenderane software iri kuvharira maitiro ekupinda, kunyanya mushure mekupedzisira kuiswa kana shanduko yekuwedzera.
Kana a mubvunzo unopenya, Mac haigoni kuwana hurongwa: inogona kunge yakakanganiswa dhisiki, isingagoneki APFS vhoriyamu, kana shanduko muNVRAM iyo "yakakanganwa" dhisiki yakasarudzika.
Pamichina yemazuva ano unogonawo kuona a denderedzwa nemutsara (chiratidzo chekurambidza): Iyo system disk haishandiswe neMac iyoyo (kuvaka kana vhezheni isingaenderane nehardware yako). giya icon Mukutanga sarudzo inokubvumira kuti usarudze vhoriyamu chaiyo mushure mekubata bhatani remagetsi kwemasekonzi gumi. Uye kana ukaona pasi rose nechiratidzo chenyevero, boot kubva kuInternet Recovery yakundikana: edza zvakare, zviri nani neEthernet, uye kana uri kushandisa nzvimbo yekuwana, tarisa kuti sei shandisa hotspot yako pachako.
Usati wavhunduka: macheki anokosha
Tanga nezvinokosha: simba, tambo uye peripherals. Ndicho chinhu chinokurumidza kutonga kunze uye kazhinji chinogadzirisa kupfuura zvazvinoita, uye kana Mac yako yakavharwa, tarisa. Zvekuita kana Mac yako yakavharwa.
Tarisa magetsi ekupa: tambo yakanyatsobatanidzwa kuMac uye socket, edza imwe socket uye tarisa adaptaKune malaptops, plug mujaja, mira maminetsi mashoma, uye ona kana paine zviratidzo zvekuchaja. Tambo yakakuvadzwa kana "rogue" tambo yemagetsi yakajairika pane yaunoda.
Dzvanya uye bata bhatani remagetsi re 10 seconds kumanikidzira kudzima zvachose. Wobva wadzvanya kamwe chete semazuva ese. Ichi chiito chinobvisa zvimiro zvenguva pfupi uye kazhinji zvinokwana kukudzosa kuhupenyu.
Bvisa zvese. Bvisa maprinta, hubs, USB, adapters, disks uye monitorsChikanganiso chinokanganisa kana simba rekuwedzera pachiteshi chinogona kuvhara boot; edza booting nesimba chete.
Kana iwe uchangobva kuisa hardware (RAM, SSD pamhando dzekare), inodzokera kune yakapfuura marongero —Kana usina chokwadi nezvendangariro, bvunza Yakawanda sei RAM inoda Mac yemazuva ano?Iyo isingaenderane kana isina kugadzika module inogona kudzivirira POST. Mune mamodheru azvino, zvikamu zvakawanda zvinotengeswa, saka iyi pfungwa haishande.
Chidzitiro nhema, ndiyo GPU here kana kuratidza?
Kana mudziyo uchiita sewakabatidzwa asi usingaratidzi chinhu, bvisa vhidhiyo. Batanidza chekunze chekutarisaKana paine mufananidzo, panogona kunge paine chikanganiso neiyo yakabatanidzwa kuratidza, tambo, kana backlight; kana pasina mufananidzo, inogona kunongedzera kune yakasanganiswa giraidhi kadhi/SoC kana mamaboard.
PaiMac kana desktop, shanda nea chekutarisa chekunze chinogona kuve mhinduro yenguva pfupi; yemalaptops, funga nezve mutengo wekugadzirisa chidzitiro maringe nesarudzo dzekutsiva kana iwe uri pabhajeti rakasimba.
Simba kutenderera uye kiyi reset (SMC uye NVRAM)
Painobatidza asi isingapedzi kubhoti, kutenderera kwemagetsi kunobatsira. Simba kudzima uye "burutsa" zvikamu kubvisa nyika dzisina kugadzikana.
Laptops: Dzvanya uye bata bhatani remagetsi kwemasekonzi gumi, mira mamwe maminetsi gumi uye woibatidza zvakare. Tabletop: unplug 20-30 masekondi Kuti ubvise capacitor, plug mukati uye ubatidze.
PaIntel-based Macs, iyo SMC (system management control) Inotonga simba, mafeni, uye mamwe ma subsystems. Kuigadzirisa zvakare kunobatsira kana paine simba kana kusarongeka kwekurara.
Intel Laptops (Yemazuvano Generic Method): Iine komputa yakadzimwa uye yakavharirwa mukati, Dzvanya Shift + Kudzora + Sarudzo (kuruboshwe) kwemasekonzi manomwe; pasina kuburitsa, tinya bhatani remagetsi kwemamwe masekonzi manomwe; sunungura, mirira, uye ubatidze. PaIntel desktop: dzima, bvisa plug kwe20-30 s, plug in, mirira 5 seconds wobatidza.
PaApple Silicon (M1/M2 uye gare gare), Iko hakuna SMC yakadaro; kuvharika kwakazara uye kubata bhatani remagetsi kuti uwane sarudzo inovhara zvakanyanya kufanana mamiriro.
La NVRAM inochengetedza zvigadziriso senge boot disk uye vhidhiyo paramita. PaIntel: dzima, simba, uye ubate Sarudzo + Raira + P + R ~ 20sPaApple Silicon, izvi zvigadziriso zvinogadziriswa otomatiki; kutangazve kunowanzova kwakakwana.
Safe Mode Boot uye Onboard Diagnostics
Safe Mode inotakura zvishoma uye inodzima yechitatu-bato edzedzero. Inoshandiswa kuparadzanisa kusawirirana kwesoftware, zvinhu zvekutanga uye vatyairi..
PaIntel: Simba kana tangazve uye ubate kusuduruka kusvikira waona hwindo rekupinda. PaApple Silicon: NeMac yako yakadzimwa, bata bhatani remagetsi kusvikira waona mabhoti sarudzo, sarudza vhoriyamu, bata kusuduruka uye tinya "Enderera mune yakachengeteka mode".
Kana ikashanda muSafe Mode, bvisa software yazvino, Gadziridza macOS uye mapurogiramu uye tarisa zvinhu zvekutanga. Kuti ubude, tangazve kazhinji.
Kana Safe Mode ikasaita, funga zvinowanzoitika: kuburitsa Shift nekukurumidza, yakashata keyboard, FileVault kana firmware password iyo inovhara mabhutsu, nzvimbo yakaderera yemahara, zvikanganiso zvefaira system kana shanduro dzekare dzine nzira dzakasiyana.
Kuti uone kana uri muSafe Mode, enda ku Apple menyu> Nezve iyi Mac> System Report> Software uye tarisa iyo Boot Mode (Yakajairika kana Yakachengeteka).
Hardware Diagnostics (Apple Diagnostics)
Kana iwe uchifungidzira Hardware, mhanyisa yakavakirwa-mukati bvunzo. Apple Kuongorora inotarisa ndangariro, masensa uye zvakakosha zvikamu uye inokupa mareferenzi makodhi.
General nhanho: bvisa maperipherals, dzima, batidza uye ubate D kusvikira chidzitiro chekuongorora chichionekwa. PaApple Silicon: Dzima, bata bhatani remagetsi kuti uwane sarudzo, uye tinya Cmd + D.
Nyora pasi chero makodhi. Iine ndangariro, SSD kana sensor kukanganisaZvichida unoda sevhisi; kana pasina zvikanganiso, iwe wakambotonga kunze kutadza kuri pachena kwemuviri.
Disk Utility uye macOS Kudzoreredza
Kana sisitimu yako ikatadza kubhowa, nzvimbo yekudzorera ishamwari yako. Kubva Kudzoreredza iwe unogona kugadzirisa dhisiki, dzosera macOS, kana kudzoreredza backups..
Maitiro ekupinda: PaIntel, reboot uye ubate Raira + R kusvikira waona Apple logo; paApple Silicon, bata iyo simba bhatani kusvikira waona "Sarudzo> Ramba".
MuDisk Utility, sarudza vhoriyamu yekutanga (kazhinji "Macintosh HD") uye mhanya Rubatsiro rwekutangaKana ikawana zvikanganiso, ichaedza kuzvigadzirisa; wobva watangazve uye kuyedza.
Kana zvikaramba zvakadaro, dzorerazve macOS kubva Kudzoreredza. Maitiro ekuisa macOS Ventura. Iyo yakajairwa reinstallation inoedza kuchengetedza data rako., asi panogara paine njodzi: kana uchikwanisa, ita shuwa kuti une backup usati waenderera.
Imwe sarudzo ndeye boot kubva kunze media. Kana iyo Mac bhutsu nemazvo kubva ku USB uye iyo yemukati haina, inonongedza kune SSD / bhodhi kana yakakomba system uori; inogona kushanda semhinduro yenguva pfupi yekushanda, kunyanya padesktop.
Dudziro yemifananidzo uye zvekuita mune imwe neimwe kesi
Kurambidza (denderedzwa ne slash): iyo disc ine a macOS kuvaka haienderane neMac yako. Bhatidza kudzoreredza uye dzosera vhezheni inoenderana (kana shandisa USB yekumisikidza inokodzera modhi yako).
Folder ine mucherechedzo wemubvunzo: iyo system haigone kuwanikwa. Inogona kunge iri SSD isingaonekwe kana vhoriyamu yakaora.. Edza First Aid; kana pasina unit inooneka, pane mukana wekutadza kwehardware uye sevhisi inodiwa.
Gear/Sarudzo icon: Bata bhatani remagetsi 10 s kuti uone zvingasarudzwa zvebhoti uye sarudza dhisiki chaiyo. Inobatsira mushure mekuchinja kweNVRAM kana kana paine akawanda mavhoriyamu.
Globe ine yambiro: Internet Recovery yakundikana. Batanidza neEthernet uye edza zvakare. Unogona zvakare kushandisa Sarudzo + Raira + R kuti uwanezve yazvino vhezheni inoenderana kana Raira + R zvemuno.
Chengetedzo, encryption, uye firmware passwords
Dzimwe dziviriro dzinogona kukanganisa mamwe matangi. FileVault (disk encryption) uye iyo firmware password (EFI) Vanogona kukumbira magwaro kana kudzivirira kubhowa kubva kune vekunze media.
Kuyedzwa kwepamusoro, dzimwe nguva ipfungwa yakanaka kudzima FileVault kwenguva pfupi kubva kuSystem Preferences> Chengetedzo & Yakavanzika> FileVault. Ita chete kana iwe uchinzwisisa zvinorehwa. uye rangarira kuimutsa zvakare mushure.
Kana password ye firmware iripo uye iwe unofanirwa kushandura sarudzo dzebhoti, tanga kupinda Kudzorera, isa password uye maneja "Boot Security". Pasina kiyi iyoyo haugone kugadzirisa ekunze drive sarudzo.
Reinstall macOS? Rini, sei, uye chii chekutarisira
Kana iyo sisitimu yashatiswa uye Yekutanga Aid isina kukwana, kuisirwazve kune musoro. Enda kuKudzoreredza, sarudza Reinstall macOS uye tevera wizard.; uchada Indaneti.
Kuisa zvakare kunonyora pasi sisitimu uye kuedza kuchengetedza data; pre-format inodzima zvese uye ndeye "yakachena kuisa." Funga kutanga kudzoreredza mafaera kana kuchengetedza makopi (Nguva Machine kana imwe mhinduro) usati wadzima.
Kana mushure mekuisazve Mac yako inogara ichivharika panzvimbo imwe chete (semuenzaniso, paunorodha Finder), inogona kunge iri yako mushandisi folda. Edza imwe admin account uye kana ikashanda, fambisa data rako neMigration Assistant uye bvisa iyo yakaora chimiro.
Ko kana iri faira system kana APFS?
Ne APFS, vhoriyamu yakakuvadzwa kana snapshot inogona kuvhara boot. Disk Utility pamudziyo uye vhoriyamu yega yega inowedzera kugadzirisa sarudzo. Kana ikatadza, kudzoreredza pamusoro pevhoriyamu kazhinji kunovaka izvo zvinodiwa.
Yeuka kuti kuvhara kamwe kamwe panguva ye firmware kana system updates kunogona kusiya kombiyuta yako "hafu-yakabikwa." Kushivirira uye simba rakagadzikana panguva yekuvandudzwa ndiwo akakosha pakunzvenga zvinotyisa izvi mune ramangwana.
Nguva yekuenda kuservice centre uye chii chekuunza
Kana pasina chiratidzo chehupenyu, Apple Diagnostics inomaka chikanganiso chehardware, iyo SSD hairatidzike kana kune zvisina tsarukano reboots pasina patani, unofanira kuenda kushumiro yakatenderwa. Pamhando itsva, kugadzirisa kwakawanda kunosanganisira bhodhi rose.
Gadzirira serial nhamba (pane chassis, bhokisi, invoice kana iCloud), annotated error messages uye tsanangura zvawakaedza. Iwe unogona kuronga kusangana kuburikidza nesaiti yekutsigira, iyo inotsigira app, kana kushanyira ari pedyo ane mvumo mupi.
Kana midziyo yako yakavharwa newaranti kana AppleCareKukundikana kwehardware kwakakodzera hakuzokubhadharisi chero chinhu (kunze kwekubvisa netsaona kukuvara, kana zvichibvira). Kune software, tsigiro inokutungamira iwe kuburikidza nematanho ekudzoreredza.
Economic solutions: yakagadziridzwa uye kushanda kubva kunze
Kana kugadzirisa bhodhi reamai kana skrini isiri mukati mebhajeti yako, funga dzimwe nzira. Boot kubva kune yekunze SSD inogona "kuchengetedza" desktop ine yakakanganisika yemukati SSD iwe uchifunga, ine akasiyana maitiro ekuita.
Imwe nzira ndeye Refurbished Mac Nechivimbiso chemutengesi akavimbika: isarudzo yakagadzikana, ine mari yakakosha uye nekuongorora kwehunyanzvi kunogona kukubvisa mumatambudziko pasina kubhadhara mutengo mutsva.
Kuwedzera kunobatsira: antivirus, Safe Mode uye nzvimbo yemahara
Malware haawanzo kukudzivirira kubva kubatidza, asi inogona kutyora login kana kurodha zvinonetsa ekuwedzeraMushure mekunge wadzoka munzira, funga kumhanya scan nemhinduro yakavimbika uye chengetedza system yako kusvika parizvino.
Ibvai nguva dzose nzvimbo yemahara yakakwana pa diski (yakanaka 15-20%) yemafaira enguva pfupi, cache, uye zvigadziriso. Madhisiki epamusoro-muganho anokonzera kuparara uye kutadza kwebhutsu mumaketani ekuvandudza.
Kana iwe uchida kudzivisa zvinoshamisa, chengeta a yechipiri maneja account Yakachena: Kana pane huwori hwemushandisi wako mukuru, zvinokutendera iwe kuti uwane, gadzira imwe nyowani uye fambisa data pasina kudzoreredza zvese.
Chekupedzisira, kana iwe ukaona kuti Mac yako inovhura asi Inovhara kana kutangazve zvisina tsarukano panguva yebhoti, funga RAM / bhodhi (hardware) kana pasina muenzaniso, kana software / account apo nguva dzose inoitika panguva imwe chete.
Uchishandisa nhanho-ne-nhanho maitiro-simba uye peripherals, simba kutenderera, SMC/NVRAM paIntel, Safe Mode, Diagnostics, Disk Utility, uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kudzoreredza— Mazhinji maMac "anomutswa" asina kuenda kumusanganoUye kana zvisina kudaro, kuenda kunzvimbo yakatenderwa yebasa uine ruzivo rwakarurama uye makopi kuchakuchengetedza nguva nemari.
