Kana iwe uchida kuwana zvakanyanya kubva kuMac yako, iyo Terminal inogona kuve mubatsiri wako wepamusoro: Inokurumidza, inoshanduka uye inokutendera kuti uite otomatiki mabasa. izvo zvinova marwadzo ane graphical interface. Mune ino yakadzama gwara, ini ndichakuudza maitiro ekuzvigona kubva pakutanga, nemienzaniso inoshanda uye yemazuva ano setup inoita kuti hupenyu hwako huve nyore.
Pamusoro pemirairo yekutanga uye mamwe epamberi, tichaona nzira yekusiya iyo koni isina kunaka neTerm2, Zsh uye Oh My Zsh, wedzera inotonhorera themes uye mafonti, batanidza. plugins senge syntax inoratidzira uye otomatiki-mazano, uye gadzira aliases kuti ukurumidze hupenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva. Ini ndichakutsanangurira iwe zvakananga, nekubata wega uye matipi anokuchengetedza iwe nguva.
Chii chinonzi Terminal pane macOS uye nei ichikosha?
Terminal ndiyo macOS yekuraira-mutsara app, hwindo mukati mematumbo eiyo system kwaunogona kuita Unix mirairo nekuvhiya chaiko; Kubatsira kwayo kukuru ndiko kukurumidza uye kugona kusungirira mabasa pasina kusimudza maoko ako kubva pane keyboard.
Paunovhura Terminal uchaona hwindo rine zita rako rekushandisa, iro rinoshanda goko (bash kana zsh) uye saizi yehwindo; kubvira macOS Catalina, iyo yakasarudzika shell ndeye Zsh, kunyange zvakadaro Iwe unogona kushandura pakati pematehwe nekunyora bash o zsh zvakananga uye nekudzvanya Enter.
Kana iyo yekusarudzika color scheme isingakodzeri iwe, unogona kuenda kune iyo app menyu uye wovhura hwindo idzva neyakasiyana chimiro; Kune akajeka uye erima madingindira akagadzirira kushandiswa, uye gare gare tichaona nzira yekuisa akawanda akawanda.
Kutsvaga dzimwe nzira? Kune yechitatu-bato zviteshi seCore Shell, uye kutarisa Mac yako pasina kusiya menyu bar, une zvishandiso seStat Menus; Iwo ma-add-ons anokwana chaizvo ne-console-based workflow..
Nzira muTerminal: mhedziso, hama, uye PATH yakasiyana
Munyika yeTeminali, izwi rekuti "nzira" rinoshandiswa nenzira mbiri dzakasiyana: kune rumwe rutivi, nzira inoenda kufaira kana dhairekitori mukati meiyo faira system, uye kune imwe, iyo yakakosha shanduko. PATH izvo zvinoratidza mune madhairekitori iyo system inotarisa executables paunonyora murairo.
Nezve iyo faira system: nzira yakakwana inotanga pamudzi we diski (/) uye hazvinei nekuti uri kupi, semuenzaniso /Aplicaciones/Utilidades/Terminal.app; nzira inotangira kubva panzvimbo yako yazvino, uye inoratidzwa ne ./ delante (kana iwe watopinda /Aplicaciones/, kuenda kuUtilities chete ./Utilidades/).
Paunotanga Terminal iwe unotanga mune yako folda yekumba, chimwe chinhu chakadai /Users/tuusuario/; Izvi zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti mirairo inotevedzwa kupi kana ukasataura nzira yakazara.
Imwe chirevo chezwi rokuti "nzira" ndiyo inoshanduka PATH, iyo inochengeta madhairekitori uko goko rinotsvaga zvinogoneka pasina iwe kuti unyore nzira yavo yakazara; kuona mhando yezviri mukati mavo echo $PATH uye iwe uchaona runyoro rwakaparadzaniswa nemakoroni, zvichikubvumidza kuti uwedzere ako madhairekitori ezvishandiso zvetsika.
Kana iwe ukaisa chirongwa uye uchida kukwanisa kuidaidza nezita kubva kupi zvako, wedzera iyo mabhanari folda kune iyo PATH uye ndizvozvo; Ndiyo imwe yemakiyi ekushanda agilely pane console uye dzivisa nzira refu zvakare uye zvakare.
Maitiro ekuvhura Terminal uye kufamba neiyo system
Pane nzira dzakati wandei dzekuvhura app: shandisa Spotlight neCommand + Space, nyora "Terminal" uye wodzvanya Enter; iwe unogona zvakare kuenda kuLaunchpad> Zvishandiso, kana kuvhura Finder> Zvishandiso> Zvishandiso uye tinya kaviri pairi; sarudza inokurumidzira iwe.
Kuti ufambe, shandisa cd (chinja dhairekitori) uye ls (nyora zviri mukati). Semuyenzaniso: cd ~/Documentos uye ipapo ls kuona mafaira; hunhu ~ zvinoreva folda yako yemushandisi, nzira yekudimbudzira inokuchengetedza kubva pakunyora nzira refu.
Hunyengeri hune simba: vhura Finder, dhonza dhairekitori kana faira muTeminari hwindo uye nzira yacho inonamirwa otomatiki; Izvi zvinoderedza kukanganisa nenzvimbo uye mavara makuru, izvo zvakakosha pane console.
Kugadzirisa kana kuvhura zvigadziriso, unogona kuvhura maapplication kubva kuTerminal: semuenzaniso open ~/.zshrc ichavhura faira yako yekumisikidza mune default edhita; Kana iwe uchida kuzviita muTeminali, nano ~/.zshrc Iri nyore sarudzo.
Kana ukarasika, rangarira izvozvo pwd inoratidza nzvimbo yako yazvino uye kuti iwe unogona kupedzisa mazita nekiyi Tab; Kana Tab ikasapedza, tarisa mavara makuru, makotesheni, uye nzvimbo nekuti hunhu hwese hunokosha.
Mirairo Yakakosha: Chimiro, Mitemo, uye Mienzaniso
Wese murairo une zita rekuraira, nharo, uye sarudzo dzesarudzo; semuenzaniso, kufambisa faira raungashandisa mv zvichiteverwa nemabviro uye nzira dzekuenda, uye Iwe unogona kuwedzera sarudzo dzekuchinja maitiro.
Muenzaniso wekutanga wekudzidzira: cd ~/Documentosipapo mkdir TerminalTest kugadzira folda, uye pakupedzisira cd TerminalTest to enter; tarisa zvirimo ne ls uye iwe uchaona iyo ichangobva kugadzirwa folda kana iwe ukadzokera kune yepamusoro nhanho.
Kutumidzazve faira mukati meiyo folda, isa faira rekuyedza uye mhanya mv TerminalTestFile.rtf TerminalTestFile2.rtf; rairo mv Inoshanda zvese kufamba uye kutumidza zita zvichienderana nemaparameter aunopfuudza kwairi.
Kana iwe uchida kufambisa faira pakati pezvinyorwa, tsanangura nzira mbiri: semuenzaniso mv ~/Documents/TerminalTest/TerminalTestFile.rtf ~/Documents/TerminalTest2/TerminalTestFile.rtf; Ziva kuti nzira dzakakwana kudzivirira kuvhiringika..
Mimwe mitemo yegoridhe: nzvimbo dzakanyorwa sezvazviri kana kutiza pakati pemakotesheni, mirairo inotevedzwa mudhairekitori razvino kana ukasatsanangura nzira, uye Unogona kukanganisa kuuraya neKudzora + C kana chimwe chinhu chisina kumira zvakanaka.
Tarisa rubatsiro rwakabatanidzwa ne man comando kuona bhuku rayo, uye edza kudzvanya Tab kuti upedze otomatiki; Kudzidza masitaksi ezvishandiso zvishoma kunowedzera kugadzirwa kwako kubva pazuva rekutanga.
Mimwe mirairo yepamberi yemabasa emazuva ese
Kukopa ese maforodha achiremekedza chimiro uye mvumo ibasa re ditto: anonyora ditto /carpeta/origen /carpeta/destino kuenzanisa zvirimo; wedzera -v Kana iwe uchida kuona ruzivo rwekopi tichimhanya.
Kurodha mafaera kubva paInternet pasina browser yaunogona kushandisa curl: enda ku Downloads with cd ~/Descargas uye unomhanya curl URL-del-archivo; Kana uchida kuichengeta nezita chairo, wedzera -o nombre.ext pakupera kwomurayiro.
Gadzirisa panochengetwa zvidzitiro zvako defaults write com.apple.screencapture location /ruta/deseada uye isa shanduko ne killall SystemUIServer; Kana iwewo uchida kuti vave JPG, shandisa defaults write com.apple.screencapture type JPG uye anodzokorora killall.
Kudzima mafaera, rm Zvakananga uye hazvikanganwiri; kana iwe uchida kupindirana simbiso, shandisa rm -i archivo, uye kubvisa madhairekitori ese shandisa rm -R carpeta o rm -iR carpeta; Tora kungwarira kwakanyanya uye kaviri-tarisa nzira usati wadzvanya Enter.
Iwe unoda kuchenesa nzvimbo pasina kuisa pangozi? rmKune zvakatsaurirwa zvinoshandiswa, zvakadai seCleanMyMac, zvinoongorora nekupa mazano akachengeteka ekudzima; Nokuda kwekugadzirisa nguva dzose vanogona kunge vari nyore kudarika mutsara wekuraira, kunyanya kana usati wagona sarudzo parizvino.
Gadzira nharaunda yemazuva ano: Homebrew, iTerm2, uye Zsh
Usati waisa chero chinhu, ita shuwa kuti une Xcode command line maturusi: run xcode-select --install uye kana zvikaramba, edza xcode-select -r to reset; Izvi zvinoisa zvakakosha compilers uye zvishandiso izvo mamwe maturusi anoda..
Isa Homebrew (macOS package maneja) uchitevera mirairo pane yayo yepamutemo webhusaiti; munzvimbo dzakawanda iwe uchaona yakasarudzika Ruby installer kana yazvino Bash command, ese ari maviri anozoita kuti ugadzirire kuenda. brew; NeHomebrew unogona kuisa mapurogiramu nemurairo mumwe chete..
Kune iTerm2, inonyanya kufarirwa Terminal kutsiva, shandisa brew install --cask iterm2 (muzvinyorwa zvekare zvinoonekwa brew cask install iterm2); iTerm2 inounza ma tabo, kupatsanurwa mapaneru, kutsvaga kwepamberi, uye zvimwe zviuru zvimwe kuti uchacherechedza kubva paminiti yekutanga.
macOS inounza Zsh mukati /bin/zsh, asi unogona kuisa iyo Homebrew vhezheni nayo brew install zsh; tarisa shanduro ne zsh --version kusimbisa, uye seta Zsh seyakagadzika goko ne chsh -s $(which zsh) (ndapota pinda kuti ushandise shanduko).
Iine iTerm2 neZsh yakagadzirira, yave nguva yekuvapa masimba makuru neOh My Zsh, nharaunda yenharaunda inoisa pakati madingindira, plugins, uye kumisikidza; gadza nayo sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)" uye kana wapedza, uchakwanisa kuigadzirisa nayo upgrade_oh_my_zsh.
Madingindira, mafonti, uye zvirongwa zvemavara zvinoita mutsauko
Oh My Zsh inounza akanaka ane chitsama emadingindira; edit ~/.zshrc uye gadzirisa mutsetse ZSH_THEME iyo yaunoda zvakanyanya, semuenzaniso ZSH_THEME="agnoster"; chengetedza shanduko uye reload ne source ~/.zshrc kunyorera ipapo ipapo.
Kana iwe uchida imwe yakakwana, isa Powerlevel9k nekugadzira iyo repo nayo git clone https://github.com/bhilburn/powerlevel9k.git ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/themes/powerlevel9k uye anotsanangura ZSH_THEME="powerlevel9k/powerlevel9k"; rodhazve gadziriso ne source ~/.zshrc uye ndizvozvo
Mamwe madingindira anoda mafonti ane Powerline kana Nerd Fonts zviratidzo; iwe unogona kuisa Powerline kubva kune yavo repository ne git clone https://github.com/powerline/fonts.git, cd fonts y ./install.sh; wobva wachinja font mu iTerm2> Zvaunoda> Profiles> Text.
Sarudzo yakakurumbira ndeye FiraCode Nerd Font, iyo inopa ligature kune yakanakisa miseve nevashandisi; tarisa "Shandisa ligatures" bhokisi kana dingindira rako richiritsigira, uye Kana ikasashanda ipapo ipapo, vhara uye vhurazve iTerm2 zvekuti zvinotora sosi itsva.
Kuti upedze, pinza zvirongwa zvemavara kubva kuTerm2-Color-Schemes: dhawunirodha ZIP, ibvise uye muTerm2 enda kuProfiles> Colors> Ruvara Presets> Import kuti uwedzere ivo; Shandisa zvaunofarira (semuenzaniso, "Batman" inonyanya kufarirwa) uye unakirwe nechitarisiko chitsva.
Powerlevel10k: Inotungamirwa kuseta uye yekupedzisira-inokurumidza kukurumidza
Kana iwe uchitsvaga yakareruka uye yakanyanya kurongeka nekukurumidza, Powerlevel10k ibheti yakachengeteka; gadza nayo git clone https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/themes/powerlevel10k ndokuisa ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k" mamuri ~/.zshrc; recharge with source ~/.zshrc uye muroyi achatangwa.
Iyo configurator inokubvunza kana iwe ukaona zvimwe zviratidzo (dhaimondi, kukiya, museve); pindura ne y o n zvinoenderana nenyaya yako uye sarudza maitiro aunoda; Iwe unogona kusarudza Unicode, yakawanda compact icons, kana yekirasi yekukurumidza. zvinoenderana nezvaunoda
Mimwe mibvunzo inoyera kupatsanuka kuitira kuti zviratidzo zvibatane pasina kupindirana; kana iwe ukaona kupindirana, sarudza iyo isina kunaka sarudzo uye rega Powerlevel10k igadzirise iyo inogadzirisa. Kana ukakanganisa, tangazve wizard nayo p10k configure chero nguva.
Kana wapedza, gadziriso ichachengetwa kune yako ~/.zshrc ini mukati ~/.p10k.zsh; Gamuchira mazano anokurudzirwa kana uchangotanga uye iwe zvino uchakwanisa kunakidzwa nekukurumidza uye kwakajeka kwazvo, inodzidzisa kukurumidza.
Kana chimwe chinhu chisingashande mushure mekushandura font, tangazve terminal; dzimwe nguva gadziriso yefonti haishandiswe kudzamara wavhara nekuivhurazve. Zvakajairika uye zvinogadziriswa mumasekonzi.
Essential plugins uye aliases kuenda kuzere throttle
Oh My Zsh inouya neGit plugin nekukasira, asi iwe unogona kuwedzera akawanda akawanda; open ~/.zshrctsvaga mutsara plugins=(...) uye wedzera iwo aunoda; wozoita source ~/.zshrc kuti uvhure runyoro rutsva.
YeDocker, batanidza iyo plugin nayo git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-docker.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-docker uye wedzera kune plugins; Iwe uchawana mapfupi uye chaiwo otomatiki-kupedzisa zvemidziyo yako.
Syntax kujekesa: zsh-syntax-highlighting Pera mirairo yegirini uye zvikanganiso mutsvuku; gadza nayo git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting; usakanganwa kuisanganisira iyo plugin rondedzero.
Auto-mazano: zsh-autosuggestions inoratidza, mukupera simba, murairo wekupedzisira wekufananidza sezvaunonyora; install with git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions uye wedzera kune plugins; Ichakuchengetera kutaipa kwakawanda.
Kuti uwane inoyevedza dhairekitori rondedzero pane ls, humbowo exa: pa macOS brew install exa uye muUbuntu sudo apt install exa (mune shanduro dzichangoburwa iwe ungangoda kuimisa kubva kuGitHub yavo); gadzira ma aliase anobatsira mukati ~/.zshrc Chemhondoro alias ll="exa -lh" y alias la="exa -lha".
Package manejimendi neHomebrew uye zvimwe zvakakosha system
Homebrew inoita kuisa nekuvandudza software kuve nyore sezvinobvira: brew update inozorodza mafomula, brew install <paquete> installs uye brew upgrade update; yegraphical apps, shandisa brew install --cask <app> uye unokanganwa.
Kana iwe ukashandawo neLinux (semuenzaniso Ubuntu), yeuka kuti pasuru maneja ari apt: gadziridza ne sudo apt update uye kuisa ne sudo apt install <paquete>; Mafungiro mazhinji eZsh uye Oh My Zsh akafanana mumasisitimu ese ari maviri.
Paunogadzirisa ~/.zshrc, yeuka recharge with source ~/.zshrc kushandisa shanduko pane nhunzi; kana chimwe chinhu chikasashanda sezvaitarisirwa, vhura terminal nyowani kuti uve nechokwadi hapana misiyano yekare inoramba iri mundangariro.
Kana uine hanya nekugadzikana, chengetedza maturusi ako anoenderana nenguva: upgrade_oh_my_zsh kune chimiro, brew upgrade zvepakeji uye softwareupdate ye macOS; Kuchengetedza kuduku kunodzivirira zvinetso zvisingawanzoitiki gare gare.
Maitiro akanaka, chengetedzo uye graphic dzimwe nzira
Gara uchifunga kuti Terminal inowana chikamu chose chehurongwa: tarisa mirairo yese (nenzira dzese) usati watanga, uye shandisa interactive options (-i) mumirairo ine ngozi paunenge uchidzidza.
Kana chinangwa chako chiri chekusunungura nzvimbo kana kutarisa zviwanikwa, funga zvirongwa zvakatsaurirwa: zvekuchenesa, mhinduro dzakadai seCleanMyMac dzinopa kubviswa kwakachengeteka; Kutarisa CPU, dhisiki kana network, iStat Menus inokupa data mubhawa pasina kuvhura console.
Chekupedzisira, tora mukana weTerm2 profiles yemapurojekiti akasiyana: mavara akasiyana, mafonti, magariro akasiyana, uye madhairekitori epamba; Kuva nayo yakarongeka maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu kunoita kuti iwe nekukurumidza uye kuderedza zvikanganiso pakuchinja mabasa.
Mastering Terminal pane macOS haisi yekungoyeuka mirairo, asiwo nezvekunzwisisa nzira (mhedziso, hama, uye PATH), dzidzira mirairo yakakosha, uye uzvitsigire munzvimbo yemazuva ano ine iTerm2, Zsh, uye Oh My Zsh; Paunowedzera madingindira, mafonti, mavara, plugins, uye aliases, iyo koni inobva pa "inobatsira" kuenda kune "inofanira-kuve nayo." kune wese anoda kushanda senyanzvi yechokwadi.